Current status and cause analysis of microplastic pollution in sea areas in China     

Wei Xiong  Xi Mei  Bei-bei Mi  Hao Yang  Zong-zhu Han  Yong Zhang  Wen-chao Lu 《China Geology》2022,5(1):160-170

As a new type of pollutants in the marine environment,microplastics have attracted increasing attention from scientific researchers and environmental protection workers in China and abroad.However,for the microplastic pollution in sea areas in China,there are a very limited number of studies on its current status and few reviews of research on the microplastics.This paper reviews the surveys and researches of microplastics in the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea,the East China Sea,the South China Sea,and main estuaries in China carried out in recent years and proposes an outlook for future work,aiming to provide research suggestions and solutions for ecological protection against microplastic pollution in sea areas in China.Previous studies have shown that microplastics are widely distributed in water bodies and sediments in sea areas and major estuaries in China.The Pearl River Estuary,in the South China Sea suffers the most serious microplastic pollution,followed by the Bohai Sea.In contrast,the microplastic pollution in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea is comparatively slight.Microplastics in sea areas in China are mainly fibrous and are concentrated in offshore areas with developed industry and a dense population(especially around estuaries and bays).In addition,they are widely affected by human activities,such as shipping,aquaculture,industry,and sewage discharge.Here the authors suggest unifying measurement units and research methods and developing related standard systems to carry out researches related to microplastics.Furthermore,this paper also suggests further deepening researches on both the source-sink process of microplastics and nanoscale microplastics while enhancing the development and implementation of related policies,aiming to promote researches and control of microplastics in sea areas in China.  相似文献   

Distribution characteristics and differential enrichment mechanism of rhenium in molybdenite in the Dexing copper ore fieldSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

冷成彪  陈涛亮  任志  赵严  王安东  汪方跃 《岩石学报》2023,(10):3107-3120

世界上绝大部分Re赋存在斑岩型矿床的辉钼矿之中,且分布极不均匀。在矿床-矿石-矿物颗粒等不同尺度上,Re含量均存在较大差异,但造成这些差异的因素目前尚不清楚。本文以德兴矿田中富家坞和铜厂二个矿床的辉钼矿为研究对象,在细致的矿相学研究的基础上,对其开展了EPMA、LA-ICP-MS和XRD分析,同时结合前人研究资料,详细探讨了Re在这两个矿床辉钼矿中的分布规律及差异性富集机制。结果显示:富家坞和铜厂均普遍发育两种形态的辉钼矿(细粒集合体型和粗粒片状型),Re在两种辉钼矿中的分布均极为不均,但细粒集合体型相对更富Re,而同一形态辉钼矿铜厂矿床则具有更高的Re含量;同一矿床中辉钼矿结晶越晚,往往越富集Re;个别辉钼矿可见扭结现象,且扭结部位的Re含量更低,暗示后期构造变形可能导致了Re的丢失;两个矿床高Re辉钼矿和低Re辉钼矿的结构均为2H多型,表明Re含量与辉钼矿晶体结构无关。结合前人资料,本文认为成矿流体性质(如温度、盐度等)是导致铜厂和富家坞辉钼矿Re含量差异的主要因素。  相似文献   

基于边缘图与边缘方向的遥感图像检索     

胡冬芽  任保刚 《测绘科学》2012,37(5):187-189

本文在系统介绍遥感图像检索中边缘特征描述方法的基础上,将边缘特征归纳为边缘图和边缘方向两类特征。通过对遥感目标图像库和纹理图像库上所做实验的分析,揭示了不同算法的特性,并指出综合两类特征可进一步提高算法的检索性能。  相似文献   

GIS-simulation of the spatial distribution of snow cover and observed ground temperatures in the Daisetsu Mountains,Japan     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):212-218

This paper describes one geometrical method of simulating the spatial distribution of snow cover. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and precise Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were used in the simulation. The model is based on empirical parameters called coefficients depending on slope aspect and inclination. As a result, this model predicts that windward convex terrains remain snow-free during winter. This snow cover distribution was validated by usage of an air photograph taken in early spring, and the distribution of vegetation patches which represent the outer fringes of snow covered areas. Low ground temperatures together with high DC resistivities, which suggest the presence of permafrost, were identified in simulated snow-free areas.  相似文献   

Permafrost distribution modelling in the mountains of the Mediterranean: Corral del Veleta,Sierra Nevada,Spain     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):253-260

A statistical model for automated mapping of the spatial distribution of permafrost in the area of Corral del Veleta in south-east Spain (3703' N, 322' W; 3398 m a.s.l.) was developed and applied. The model uses a relationship between permafrost occurrence as indicated by BTS measurements, and variables such as altitude, solar radiation and summer snow cover. The model was implemented within a geographical information system (GIS) and determines the spatial distribution of probable permafrost in Corral del Veleta. Validation was achieved by comparing the predicted permafrost distribution with the results of recent fieldwork, such as geomorphic mapping, geophysical soundings and ground temperature logging.  相似文献   

A newly-discovered GPD-GEV relationship together with comparing their models of extreme precipitation in summer   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

丁裕国  程炳岩  江志红 《大气科学进展》2008,25(3):507-516

It has been theoretically proven that at a high threshold an approximate expression for a quantile of GEV （Generalized Extreme Values） distribution can be derived from GPD （Generalized Pareto Distribution）. Afterwards, a quantile of extreme rainfall events in a certain return period is found using L-moment estimation and extreme rainfall events simulated by GPD and GEV, with all aspects of their results compared. Numerical simulations show that POT （Peaks Over Threshold）-based GPD is advantageous in its simple operation and subjected to practically no effect of the sample size of the primitive series, producing steady high-precision fittings in the whole field of values （including the high-end heavy tailed）. In comparison, BM （Block Maximum）-based GEV is limited, to some extent, to the probability and quantile simulation, thereby showing that GPD is an extension of GEV, the former being of greater utility and higher significance to climate research compared to the latter.  相似文献   

长江流域极端强降水分布特征的统计拟合   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5  

苏布达  姜彤  董文杰 《气象科学》2008,28(6):625-629

基于长江流域147个气象站1960-2005年最大值降水序列(AM)与超门限峰值降水序列(POT),选取4大类20种分布函数,采用极大似然法和线性矩法估算了参数,经柯尔莫洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验,确定了降水极值的最优概率模型.对AM与POT两套极端强降水序列的频率分析均表明,Wakeby分布函数能够较好的拟合长江流域降水极值的概率分布.同时指出了降水极值的拟合存在的不确定性.  相似文献   

南京一次特大暴雨天气过程的中尺度特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱鑫君  黄翠芳  尹宜舟  韩照全 《气象科学》2008,28(Z1)

分析了2007年7月7-8日南京特大暴雨天气过程的大尺度背景以及中尺度特征,发现中高纬阻塞形势的生消、冷暖气流的交汇、深厚的对流辐合场的形成等是强暴雨发生发展的主要因素.另外500 hPa中尺度流场汇合带、700 hPa中尺度扰动中心、雷暴云系、强雷达回波带以及强降水带走向相当一致,说明这次强暴雨过程具有明显的中尺度特征;发现500 hPa中尺度流场汇合带比卫星云图更能体现大范围的地闪分布,此发现对大范围的雷电预报有参考价值.  相似文献   

湖南省历史罕见的一次低温雨雪冰冻灾害天气分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

叶成志  吴贤云  黄小玉 《气象学报》2009,67(3):489-500

在欧亚大陆中高纬度稳定维持阻塞形势的环流背景下,2008年1月10日-2月2 日中同南方地区连续经历了4次历史罕见的大范围低温雨雪冰冻天气过程.应用多种常规、非常规观测资料及NCEP再分析资料,在对该过程的大尺度环流及水汽输送特征进行诊断分析的基础上,细致分析了受灾最为严重的湖南省冰冻分布地域特征、多种气象因子及特殊地形对冰冻强度的影响,并对造成降水性质差异及强冰冻的成因进行了探讨.结果表明:中高纬阻塞高压、西太平洋副高及南支槽是造成此次持续性雨雪天气的主要影响系统,持续而强盛的水汽输送对雨雪冰冻的强度和范围起重要作用;冰冻形成与增长是多种气象因子综合影响的结果.地面日平均温度、700 hPa风向风速、逆温强度及冷垫厚度对冰冻强度预报有很好的指示意义.当冰冻形成条件具备后,融化层及冷垫越深厚、地面日平均气温越低则冰冻发展越显著.若700 hPa维持强盛的西南急流、850 hPa持续偏东北风时,最有助于逆温加强,冷垫增厚.强冰冻的预报着眼点应关注700 hPa附近的剧烈增温、增湿及850 hPa以下的强降温;近地面层丰富的过冷水滴和叠置于深厚冷气层之上的暖性"逆温层"的建立和维持是大范围强冰冻天气产生的一个重要原因;此外,湖南特殊的地理位置及复杂的地形地貌特征对冰冻的持续和发展有较大影响.  相似文献   

全球变暖背景下江淮地区降水强度分布结构变化的特征分析     

方思达  江志红 《气候与环境研究》2013,18(6):757-766

利用1961～2006年江淮地区80个站点的逐日降水资料,根据百分位数确定极端降水阈值的方法,比较了全球气候变暖背景下该区域降水强度的分布结构特征。结果表明,在全球气候典型暖异常的年份里,江淮地区极端降水日数占总降水日数的比重比冷年增加30%以上,极端降水总量的比重增加13%左右;而微量降水日数所占比重比冷年减少近60%,微量降水总量减少了80%,说明全球变暖后江淮地区降水强度分布结构呈现弱降水减少,强降水增多的显著两极分化特征,且该特征在江淮地区基本一致。冬、夏季对比表明,冬季的变化幅度比全年和夏季更大。可见全球变暖背景下未来江淮地区降水强度分布结构出现两极分化趋势可能性增加。  相似文献